The cranium, which encloses the brain, and the face are made of bones and cartilage, together making up the skull. The cranium's bones are palpable on top of the skull. The eye socket, nasal cavity roof, some sinuses, and the bones surrounding the inner ear are all formed by the five bones that make up the base, or bottom, of the cranium. The base of the skull is a densely packed, intricate region through which the spinal cord, numerous blood arteries, and nerves all pass. The purpose of skull base surgery is to remove anomalies on the base of the skull, the underside of the brain, and the top few vertebrae of the spinal column, as well as noncancerous and malignant growths. Due to the area's difficulty in visibility and accessibility, minimally invasive endoscopic procedures may be used for skull base surgery. During this operation, the surgeon makes a tiny incision just above the eyebrow or uses the mouth or nose, two of the skull's natural holes, to insert equipment. A team of specialists is needed for this kind of surgery, and they may include radiologists, maxillofacial surgeons, neurosurgeons, and ENT (ear, nose, and throat) surgeons.
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